What is Networking and
Communication?
Data communications refers to
the transmission of this digital data between two or more computers and
a computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that
allows computers to exchange data. The physical connection between
networked computing devices is established using either cable media or
wireless media. The best-known computer network is the Internet.
What are the types of Computer
Networks?
In computer networks, the data is passed in the form of
packets. The devices that transmit or receive this data,
such as a phone or a computer, are referred to as nodes.
There are three main types of networks: 1. Local Area Network (LAN): It is usually a small network that is restricted to a small geographic area. A computer network available only to the residents of a building can be called a LAN.
2. Wide Area Network (WAN): As the name implies, these networks cover a broad range of geographic area. WANs are used to connect LANs and other types of networks together so that users and computers can communicate with computers in other regions. An example of a WAN is the much-used and loved, Internet.
3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): MAN is a network that connects the users with computer resources in a geographic area that is larger than LAN but not quite as large as WAN.
What are the basic components of
Computer Networks?
2.Clients - Clients are computers that access and use the network and shared network resources. Client computers are basically the customers(users) of the network, as they request and receive services from the servers.
3.Transmission Media - Transmission media are the facilities used to interconnect computers in a network, such as twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable. Transmission media are sometimes called channels, links or lines.
4.Shared data - Shared data are data that file servers provide to clients such as data files, printer access programs and e-mail.
5.Shared printers and other peripherals - Shared printers and peripherals are hardware resources provided to the users of the network by servers. Resources provided include data files, printers, software, or any other items used by clients on the network.
6.Network Interface Card - Each computer in a network has a special expansion card called a network interface card (NIC). The NIC prepares(formats) and sends data, receives data, and controls data flow between the computer and the network. On the transmit side, the NIC passes frames of data on to the physical layer, which transmits the data to the physical link. On the receiver's side, the NIC processes bits received from the physical layer and processes the message based on its contents.
7.Local Operating System - A local operating system allows personal computers to access files, print to a local printer, and have and use one or more disk and CD drives that are located on the computer.
8.Network Operating System - The network operating system is a program that runs on computers and servers, and allows the computers to communicate over the network.
9.Hub - Hub is a device that splits a network connection into multiple computers. It is like a distribution center. When a computer request information from a network or a specific computer, it sends the request to the hub through a cable. The hub will receive the request and transmit it to the entire network. Each computer in the network should then figure out whether the broadcast data is for them or not.
10.Switch - Switch is a telecommunication device grouped as one of computer network components. It uses physical device addresses in each incoming messages so that it can deliver the message to the right destination or port.
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